XU3352'S TECH BLOG

Linux 101 Hacks 第十章:LAMP开发栈(一)

Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP 开发环境搭建

75.安装 Apache2 (支持SSL)

推荐使用源码方式安装，因为可以很灵活的选择启用或者禁用模块

示例1: 安装 Apache

$ cd ~
$ wget http://www.eng.lsu.edu/mirrors/apache//httpd/httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz

最新的源码包请在这里下载：httpd.apache.org

示例2: 安装 Apache 支持SSL/TLS模块

$ cd httpd-2.2.17
$ ./configure --help

# 启用SSL
$ ./configure --enable-ssl --enable-so
$ make
$ make install

启用/禁用模块:

  • 启用模块 --enable-{module-name} 比如：--enable-ssl 或 --enable-ldap
  • 禁用模块 --disable-{module-name} 比如：--disable-auth-basic

Apache 默认安装路径是 /usr/local/apache2, 如果想修改其他的地方，可以设置编译参数： ./configure --prefix=/your/path

示例3: 在 httpd.conf 启用 SSL

# 默认的配置文件在 /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
# 去掉前面的注释即可
$ vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

# 使用默认配置就可以了，不用进行修改
$ vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

# SSL证书和密钥，这个是需要我们手动创建的
$ egrep 'server.crt|server.key' httpd-ssl.conf
SSLCertificateFile "/usr/local/apache2/conf/server.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/usr/local/apache2/conf/server.key"

示例4: 创建 server.crt 和 server.key 文件

$ cd ~
# 生成 server.key
$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

# 上面的操作会要求输入密码，这个需要记住；否则下面如果不能提供密码时会报错
2415:error:28069065:lib(40):UI_set_result:result too
small:ui_lib.c:849:You must type in 4 to 8191 characters

# 下一步生成 server.csr
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

# 最后生成 server.crt
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

示例5: 把 server.key 和 server.crt 拷贝到指定目录

$ cd ~
$ cp server.key /usr/local/apache2/conf/
$ cp server.crt /usr/local/apache2/conf/

示例6: 启动Apache

$ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

# 由于启用了 SSL，所以这里需要输入之前设置的密码
Apache/2.2.17 mod_ssl/2.2.17 (Pass Phrase Dialog)
Server www.example.com:443 (RSA)
Enter pass phrase:
OK: Pass Phrase Dialog successful.

默认Apache SSL启用443端口，所以现在就支持 https 访问了，比如在浏览器上面输入: https://{your-ip-address}

更多:

76.源码安装 PHP

建议下载源码进行编译安装。这样有新的补丁或者升级时更加方便一点。下面是对 PHP5 进行的演示 最新版请到官网下载

先决条件:

  • Apache - Web服务器, 上一小节我们已经搞定了
  • MySQL - 如果要使用到Mysql的话，需要把Mysql先安装好了（可以先看后面一节的安装教程）

示例1: 下载 PHP

# 官网下载后，把源码放到 /usr/local/src 目录下
$ bzip2 -d php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
$ tar xvf php-5.2.6.tar

示例2: 安装 PHP

$ cd php-5.2.6
$ ./configure --help

# 编译安装
$ ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql
$ make
$ make install

# 默认配置文件
$ cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

默认 PHP 是安装到 /usr/local/lib 目录，可以使用 --prefix={install-dir-name} 选项进行修改

示例3: 在 httpd.conf 里支持 PHP

# 增加一段
$ vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
<FilesMatch "\.ph(p[2-6]?|tml)$">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>

# 要确保配置文件里有这一行(这个是在php安装的时候自动插入的)
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so

重启 Apache:

$ /usr/local/bin/apache2/apachectl restart

示例4: 验证PHP安装是否安装成功

$ vi test.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

然后访问：http://local-host/test.php 如果能看到PHP配置的选项和已安装的模块就表示安装成功了

示例5: 安装过程中故障点

配置错误：configure: error: xml2-config not found:

$ ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql
Configuring extensions
checking whether to enable LIBXML support... yes
checking libxml2 install dir... no
checking for xml2-config path...
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

# 安装thelibxml2-devel 和 zlib-devel
rpm -ivh /home/downloads/linux-iso/libxml2-devel-2.6.26-2.1.2.0.1.i386.rpm /home/downloads/linux-iso/zlib-devel-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm
Preparing...##################################### [100%]
1:zlib-devel##################################### [ 50%]
2:libxml2-devel################################## [100%]

configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files.

$ ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql
checking for MySQL UNIX socket location...
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under
yes. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!

# 安装 MySQL-devel-community
$ rpm -ivh /home/downloads/MySQL-devel-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
Preparing...###################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-devel-community########################### [100%]

更多：Instruction Guide to Install PHP5 from Source on Linux

77.安装 MySQL

大多数Linux发行版都附带MySQL。还是建议下载最新的源码包进行安装。

下载最新的MySQL版本 官网下载地址：mysql.com

这里下载 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 RPM (x86) 的两个包：

  • MySQL-client-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
  • MySQL-server-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
  • MySQL-devel-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm

如果你想卸载已有的 MySQL，可以参考以下步骤（如果某些应用正在使用MySQL，请慎重!!!）

[local-host]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-5.0.22-2.1.0.1
mysqlclient10-3.23.58-4.RHEL4.1

[local-host]# rpm -e mysql --nodeps
warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave

[local-host]# rpm -e mysqlclient10

示例1: 安装已下载的MySQL安装包

[local-host]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm MySQL-client-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
Preparing...####################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client-community########################### [ 50%]
2:MySQL-server-community########################### [100%]


PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER!
To do so, start the server, then issue the following
commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h medica2 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation


Starting MySQL.[  OK  ]
Giving mysqld 2 seconds to start

安装 MySQL-devel

[local-host]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
Preparing...####################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-devel-community  ########################## [100%]

这个是解决了编译PHP时报错的一个问题：

configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under yes.

请注意，MySQL客户端库不再捆绑了！

示例2: MySQL安装后的安全设置

[local-user]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'My2Secure$Password'

最好的选择是运行 mysql_secure_installation 脚本，该脚本将负责处理 MySQL 上所有典型的安全相关选项，如下所示，高级别的选项有以下几个：

  • 修改root密码
  • 删除 anonymous (匿名)用户
  • 禁用root登陆远程服务器
  • 删除默认的测试的数据库
[local-host]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR
ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH
STEP CAREFULLY!
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Change the root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!

示例3: 验证 MySQL安装成功

# 查看mysql版本号
[local-host]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.25-rc, for redhat-linux-gnu(i686) 
using readline 5.1

# 终端登陆mysql
[local-host]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql>

MySQL：启动、停止、状态查询

[local-host]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.                       [ OK ]

[local-host]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.                  [ OK ]

[local-host]# service mysql status
MySQL running (12588)                 [ OK ]

更多:

78.安装LAMP开发栈

使用 yum 安装 LAMP 开发栈是非常简单的，而且只需要几分钟就能搞定了。对于初学者来说是个不错的选择，免除了从源码安装的各种麻烦。

示例1: 使用 Yum 安装 Apache

# 检查是否已经安装了apache服务
$ rpm -qa | grep httpd

# 如果没有安装过，则直接进行安装
$ yum install httpd

# 检查是否安装成功
$ rpm -qa | grep -i http
httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386
httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386

开机启动设置：

$ chkconfig httpd on
$ service httpd start
Starting httpd:                   [  OK  ]

示例2: 使用 yum 安装 MySQL

使用 yum 安装 MySQL 最大的好处就是自动解决所有的依赖包，比如：mysql-libs, perl-DBI, mysql, perl-DBD-MySQL 等依赖包

$ yum install mysql-server

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
========================================================
Install     5 Package(s)
Update      0 Package(s)
Remove      0 Package(s)

Total download size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running Transaction
Installing      : mysql-libs        [1/5]
Installing      : perl-DBI          [2/5]
Installing      : mysql             [3/5]
Installing      : perl-DBD-MySQL    [4/5]
Installing      : mysql-server      [5/5]
Complete!

# 验证是否安装成功
$ rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
php-mysql-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
mysql-libs-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386
mysql-server-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.005-8.fc9.i386
mysql-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386

# 查看Mysql的版本
$ mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.51a, for redhat-linux-gnu
(i386) using readline 5.0

# 设置开机启动
$ chkconfig mysqld on

# 启动Mysql服务
$ service mysqld start

Initializing MySQL database:
Installing MySQL system tables... OK
Filling help tables... OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR MySQL root USER !
Start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h dev-db password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Starting MySQL:
[  OK  ]

后续安全设置

# 安装之后默认不用输入密码即可链接
$ mysql -u root
mysql>

和之前我们单独安装 MySQL 一样，最好是做一些安全设置，直接执行脚本：

$ /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password: [Note: Enter the mysql root password here]
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

现在就必须使用密码才能链接上数据库了：

$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000):Access denied for user
'root'@'localhost'(using password:NO)

# 输入密码链接
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

示例3: 使用 yum 安装 PHP

$ yum install php

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
========================================================
Install     3 Package(s)
Update      0 Package(s)
Remove      0 Package(s)

Total download size: 3.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running Transaction
Installing      : php-common    [1/3]
Installing      : php-cli       [2/3]
Installing      : php           [3/3]
Complete!

# 检查是否安装成功
$ rpm -qa | grep -i php
php-cli-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
php-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
php-common-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386

# 给 PHP 安装MySQL模块
$ yum install php-mysql

# 其他模块
$ yum install php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd

更多:

blog comments powered by Disqus

Published

29 October 2017

Tags